Intellectual Disability (ID)

Intellectual Disability (ID), also known as intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour. The onset of ID occurs during the developmental period, typically before the age of 18.

Intellectual functioning refers to a person's ability to reason, learn, solve problems, and think abstractly. Adaptive behaviour refers to a person's ability to carry out everyday activities, such as communicating with others, caring for themselves, and participating in social activities.

The severity of intellectual disability can vary widely, from mild to profound. Individuals with mild ID may have some difficulty with learning and problem-solving, while those with profound ID may require constant supervision and assistance with daily living activities.

Intellectual disability can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic abnormalities, prenatal exposure to toxins, and certain medical conditions or illnesses. It is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes intellectual and adaptive functioning assessments, medical history, and developmental history.

There is no cure for intellectual disability, but early intervention and support can help individuals with ID to reach their full potential and lead fulfilling lives. Treatment options may include education, behavioural therapy, speech therapy, and vocational training, as well as support from family members, caregivers, and community resources.